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OUR HYDRAULIC FUTURE

Robot with 1,000 muscles twitches like human while dangling from ceiling

A new humanoid robot prototype uses fluid-filled muscles to kick its legs while hanging.

Benj Edwards – | 193
A still frame from a Clone Robotics Protoclone robot demo.
A still frame from a Clone Robotics Protoclone robot demo. Credit: Clone Robotics
A still frame from a Clone Robotics Protoclone robot demo. Credit: Clone Robotics

On Wednesday, Clone Robotics released video footage of its Protoclone humanoid robot, a full-body machine that uses synthetic muscles to create unsettlingly human-like movements. In the video, the robot hangs suspended from the ceiling as its limbs twitch and kick, marking what the company claims is a step toward its goal of creating household-helper robots.

Poland-based Clone Robotics designed the Protoclone with a polymer skeleton that replicates 206 human bones. The company built the robot with the hopes that it will one day be able to operate human tools and perform tasks like doing laundry, washing dishes, and preparing basic meals.

The Protoclone reportedly contains over 1,000 artificial muscles built with the company's "Myofiber" technology, which builds on the McKibbin pneumatic muscle concept. These muscles work through mesh tubes containing balloons that contract when filled with hydraulic fluid, mimicking human muscle function. A 500-watt electric pump serves as the robot's "heart," pushing fluid at 40 standard liters per minute.

Protoclone: Bipedal Musculoskeletal Android V1.

Clone Robotics is not the only company chasing practical humanoid robots. In the past, we've covered human-shaped robots from Boston Dynamics, Unitree, Figure, and Tesla, among others. Meanwhile, tech companies such as Nvidia, Google, and Microsoft are in a heated race to develop AI models that can competently and safely make future household robots autonomous.

Plans for 279 robots to start

While the Protoclone is a twitching, dangling robotic prototype right now, there's a lot of tech packed into its body. Protoclone's sensory system includes four depth cameras in its skull for vision, 70 inertial sensors to track joint positions, and 320 pressure sensors that provide force feedback. This system lets the robot react to visual input and learn by watching humans perform tasks.

As you can probably tell by the video, the current Protoclone prototype is still in an early developmental stage, requiring ceiling suspension for stability. Clone Robotics previously demonstrated components of this technology in 2022 with the release of its robotic hand, which used the same Myofiber muscle system.

Artificial Muscles Robotic Arm Full Range of Motion + Static Strength Test (V11).

A few months ago, Clone Robotics also showed off a robotic torso powered by the same technology.

Torso 2 by Clone with Actuated Abdomen.

Other companies' robots typically use other types of actuators, such as solenoids and electric motors. Clone's pressure-based muscle system is an interesting approach, though getting Protoclone to stand and balance without the need for suspension or umbilicals may still prove a challenge.

Clone Robotics plans to start its production with 279 units called Clone Alpha, with plans to open preorders later in 2025. The company has not announced pricing for these initial units, but given the engineering challenges still ahead, a functional release any time soon seems optimistic.

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Benj Edwards Senior AI Reporter
Benj Edwards is Ars Technica's Senior AI Reporter and founder of the site's dedicated AI beat in 2022. He's also a tech historian with almost two decades of experience. In his free time, he writes and records music, collects vintage computers, and enjoys nature. He lives in Raleigh, NC.
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